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Minus 20 Degrees – and Bee Candy

Minus 20 Degrees!

Minus 20 Degrees! And Bee Candy

Buzz Savories bees are maintaining an interior temperature of 70 degrees F whereas Central Nebraska and beyond on the prairies temps dropped to minus 20 degrees F.  Nutrition during  frigid temperatures concerns beekeepers because the bees form a tight cluster around the queen and shiver their bodies to warm the air around the cluster.  The cluster stays tight until temperatures warm to 50 degrees F and above.

Bees will not travel even 2 inches outside the cluster to eat during these critical low temperatures.  Food can be 3” from the cluster, and they cannot access it. Bees can starve during these extremely cold temperatures.  The cluster travels up in the hive because heat rises, and the hive is warmer under the lid of the hive.

Beekeepers make a candy called Bee Candy and place it under the cover beside the cluster and within easy access for the bees.  

I cooked the Bee Candy earlier this month, and it is curious and interesting process.  I learned how to make the bee candy from Richard Homer and the video on his website – homershoneybee.com 

Bee Candy

Homer’s Bee Candy 

Ingredients 

16 oz. water 
8 lbs. sugar 

Process 

  • Pour water in a 2 qt. straight sided sauce pan 
  • Turn heat on high to bring to a hard boil and in the meantime pour the sugar into the water and stir with a large spoon until the sugar dissolves in the water. 
  • Lower the heat to medium.   Continue the boiling process until the liquid reaches 238 Degrees F.   Scrape the sides and bottom of the pan as the mixture boils. 
  • Turn off the heat when candy reaches desired temperature 238 Degrees, and let it cool to 180 Degrees.  An interesting phenomenon occurs as it is cooling and crystalizing.  The candy will start boiling without the additional heat.  It will tur a chalk white as it boils.  Crystallization creates heat.   Whisk or mix with a hand-held mixer every ten minutes to break up the crystals of sugar.  Scrape sides and the bottom to avoid the candy forming large clumps of sugar.
  • Pour into paper plates that were sprayed with vegetable oil.  Cool. 
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How do honey bees survive winter?

bee hives blanketed in snow

How do honey bees survive winter?

Here in the northern hemisphere when winter arrives and daylight shrinks, the bees form a cluster inside the hive; the bees maintain a cool resting temperature of about 70 Degrees F, and then the queen stops laying eggs.  The bee population is at its lowest before the Winter Solstice. As daylight hours increase, the bees increase the temperature of the hive to a brood rearing temperature of 95 Degrees F.  The increase in warmth spurs the queen to lay eggs.  She will build a small brood nest and gradually over the course of many weeks, the hive population  grows and by spring will explode and the hive emerges healthy and ready to gather pollen and nectar and begin another season.

(wintering bees facts was derived from Hive Tracks found at www.Hivetracks.com)

 

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December Pheasant

December Pheasant, photo by Don Brockmeier

December Pheasant

I’m writing The Buzz on December 2, a day when snow id drifting down from a gray sky. The bees are eating from their stored honey stash and keeping warm. 

To give Buzz readers a glimpse of the habitat and climate for bees and the rest of us Nebraskans, I check out  photos by photographer, Don Brockmeier.  He often publishes his current photos on his Instagram account. Today I found a brilliant photo for December that I would like to share with you. With permission from the photographer, please see and marvel at a cock pheasant styling the glowing colors and intricate patterns in his display of feathers.

December Pheasant, photo by Don Brockmeier
December Pheasant, photo by Don Brockmeier

Don noticed this handsome fellow in the corn stubble near Eustis, NE.  Pheasants, quail, and prairie chickens peck among the dried cornstalks to glean kernels of grain left after the corn harvest.

 

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Insulating the Hives

Insulating the Hives

Insulating the Hives

Just in time, the cold rains arrived at the Bee Yard, and the day before, we insulated the lids  and added a protective covering to the outside of the hive box, and fed them one more time.  The bees stay active throughout the cold season in Nebraska.  They will fly on any day when temps reach 50 Degrees to clean-out their digestive systems.  Colder days draw them into their cluster where they warm the hive by shivering.  The bees cluster around their queen. 

Beekeeping chores lighten-up in October. Our bees were medicated and then fed in September. I may top-off the feeding in October.  

Bees take advantage of daytime temperatures above 50 Degrees and fly out of their hives and circle around the premises.  Come November, and they are home bound due to a continual chill in the air.

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Annis Mint Plants

Honeybee and Annis Mint -Don Brockmeier

Annis Mint Plants in October

When the sun shines in October, and the temperatures rise into the 50 Degree range, bees are flying about the hive and when their  antennae sense a flower blooming within their traveling territory, they will be there gathering pollen and maybe a drop of nectar. Late blooming Annis Mint plants attract bees in the fall.

Enjoy the photo by Master Photographer, Don Brockmeier.  Bees are finding pollen and probably some nectar in the Annis Mint flowers blooming in late autumn.

Brockmeir’s patience and artistry and  technical skills with his camera capture the productivity and also technical skills of the honey bee.  Thank you for sharing this photo, Don.  See more of Don Brockmeier photos on Instagram at donbrockmeier4.

Honeybee and Annis Mint -Don Brockmeier
Honeybee and Annis Mint -Don Brockmeier

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October Beekeeping

October beekeeping in Nebraska

October Beekeeping in Nebraska

The truest statement I can ever make is – Nothing is certain about Nebraska weather – yet I will say that October may be my favorite month because the temperatures most often fit in the comfort range. I wear  a light jacket.  October brings a freeze or two or more yet the sun shines and we warm-up during the day. The leaves brighten in their autumn colors, and then drift down to paint the sidewalks in splotches of burnt orange and yellow and garnet.

Beekeeping chores lighten-up in October. Our bees were medicated and then fed in September. I may top-off the feeding in October.  

Bees take advantage of daytime temperatures above 50 Degrees and fly out of their hives and circle around the premises.  Come November, and they are home bound due to a continual chill in the air.

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Late Blooms

purple aster wild flowers

Late Blooms

A few Nebraska pollinator plants continue offering blooms into late September.  I’m seeing small flowers on the purple aster plant that appeals to native bees and the imported honey bees searching for season’s end nectar and honey. 

I am bottling our honey for sale at Gifts n Things in Holdrege, The Prairie Museum in Holdrege, The Archway in Kearney and the GROW Nebraska store and the Hastings Museum and From Nebraska store in Lincoln.  Pick up a jar and taste the liquid flavors of the Nebraska prairie in every drop.  See especially curated honey recipes at Buzzsavoriesllc.com where you may order jars for your own use or for gifts.  No charge for shipping.

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Harvesting the Honey

Betty Harvesting the Honey

Harvesting the Honey

We harvested the bee’s honey in late August.  See us in harvesting mode. We tightened our bee suits to prepare for a battalion of  bees that focused their fight on us. Zippers, Velcro, duct tape, and we were ready.  We once again valued our smoker because the smoke seems to placate the bees or confuse the bees or contain the majority to their home/the hive as we lifted off their hard-earned store of honey. 

September is dedicated to feeding the bees a solution of honey and sugar so that they can replace the food that we stole from them.  We also medicate for varroa mites, the scourge of the beekeeping world.

The worker bees fly every day if the temperature is above 50 Degrees F. so they continue the search for nectar and pollen and water. 

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What Bees do in August

What Bees do in August

What Bees Do in August

What do our bees do in August?  They search the acres surrounding the hive for late blooming flowers, and I see the tiny bags on their back legs stuffed with golden pollen and also a red pollen. Their stock of honey is safely (so they think) in their hive. 

When we suit up and prepare to lift the honey from each of our hives, the bees react as one would expect – in a fury. I cannot describe the experience of being the focal point of Sixty thousand (60,00) furious bees. In seconds of time they recognize us as thieves invading their hive and stealing their hard-earned honey, and the guard bees react by emitting  pheromones that express to all the sisters to come forth and fight for their food.  They follow as directed, and a storm of angry bees descends on us beekeepers so we hurry and either blow the bees off the frames or brush them off the frames with a soft brush or a combination of both methods.  

Another method requires applying a stinky and strong chemical to a fume board.  When the fumes  permeate the hive the bees descend to their entrance and leave the hive. None of these methods deter the wrath of the bees. Efficiency and courage are required at this time.

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